When it comes to translating English sentences, it's not just about swapping words from one language to another. It's an art that requires a deep understanding of both source and target languages, cultural contexts, and the ability to convey the original message's intent, style, and tone. This comprehensive guide aims to equip you with the knowledge and skills necessary to master English sentence translation.

**1. Understanding the Source Language**

The first step in any translation process is to have a solid grasp of the source language. In this case, it's English. This means going beyond basic vocabulary and grammar to understand the nuances of language, such as slang, idioms, and cultural references. For instance, the phrase "it's raining cats and dogs" doesn't literally mean cats and dogs are falling from the sky; it's a figurative expression used to describe heavy rainfall.

**2. Grasping the Target Language**

Just as important as understanding the source language is having a profound knowledge of the target language. This involves not only knowing the vocabulary and grammar but also understanding how the language is used in real-life contexts. For example, certain words or expressions might be considered formal in one language but casual in another.

**3. Preserving the Original Intent**

The primary goal of translation is to convey the original message's intent. This means the translator must understand the author's purpose, whether it's to inform, persuade, entertain, or evoke emotion. Preserving the original intent often requires going beyond the literal meaning of words and phrases to capture the underlying concepts and ideas.

**4. Maintaining the Style and Tone**

In addition to preserving the original intent, it's also crucial to maintain the style and tone of the source text. This includes factors like formality, casualness, humor, sarcasm, and even the author's unique voice or writing style. For instance, a text written in a conversational tone should be translated in a way that retains its informal and relaxed nature.

**5. Considering Cultural Contexts**

Language is inextricably linked to culture, and thus, cultural considerations are paramount in translation. Certain words, expressions, or concepts might not have direct equivalents in another culture, requiring the translator to find creative ways to convey the same meaning. For example, the concept of "honor" might vary significantly across cultures, necessitating a careful and nuanced translation.

**6. Using Translation Tools and Resources**

While human translators are irreplaceable, translation tools and resources can aid in the process. These include dictionaries, glossaries, corpora (large collections of text), and machine translation software. However, it's important to note that machine translations, while sometimes useful for getting a rough idea, often lack the accuracy and nuance of human translations.

**7. Practicing and Improving**

Finally, as with any skill, practice is key to improving your translation abilities. This means translating a wide range of texts, from different genres and subjects, and seeking feedback from native speakers or professional translators. By continuously challenging yourself and learning from your mistakes, you'll gradually master the art of English sentence translation.

In conclusion, English sentence translation is a complex and multifaceted task that requires a combination of language proficiency, cultural understanding, and translation skills. By following the guidelines outlined in this comprehensive guide, you'll be well on your way to becoming a skilled and effective translator.